基于城市綠色生產性面積的生態補償機制研究
Research on Ecological Compensation Mechanism Based on Urban Ecological Productive Area

摘要：我國城市擴張、糧食保障和能源轉型形勢嚴峻，如何挖掘城市建成環境的綠色生產潛力，探索一條通過糧食和太陽能的生產用于節約土地空間并緩解生態壓力的新途徑。本文不同于以往生態補償研究大多以重點生態功能區為對象或以財稅補償機制為手段，而是建立城市空間內部的生態補償機制，是建設生態文明的創新方法。本文提出城市“綠色生產性面積”作為一種從城市生態學角度來衡量城市生態承載力提升潛力的方法，它基于將城市綠色資源收入換算成它們所能節約的相同條件下的生態足跡。首先，評估城市建成環境的全要素空間清查及其綠色生產潛力分析。其次，需要建立不同綠色生產的生態節地效益統一核算標準，以逆向的生態足跡方法量化為土地面積指標。最后，在綜合考慮城市綠色生產成本、技術實施可行性以及生態服務價值的基礎上，采取適宜的都市農業、城市太陽能、農業與太陽能復合生產等方式，以期對城市生態系統的生態承載力給予直接補償，為發展綠色生產產業、補償方式多元化、評估生態節地效益提供理論和技術支撐，對于城市可持續發展和提高生態承載力具有重要意義。

Abstract：The situation of urban expansion, food security and energy transformation in China is grim, so how to tap the green production potential of urban built environment and explore a new way to save land space and alleviate ecological pressure through the production of grain and solar energy. Different from the previous ecological compensation studies, which mostly take the key ecological functional areas as the object or the fiscal and tax compensation mechanism as the means, this paper establishes the ecological compensation mechanism within the urban space, which is an innovative method for the construction of ecological civilization. This paper puts forward the urban "green productive area" as a method to measure the promotion potential of urban ecological carrying capacity from the perspective of urban ecology, which is based on converting the income of urban green resources into the ecological footprint under the same conditions that they can save. First of all, evaluate the all-factor spatial inventory of urban built environment and its green production potential analysis. Secondly, it is necessary to establish unified accounting standards for ecological land-saving benefits of different green production, and quantify the land area index with the reverse ecological footprint method. Finally, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the cost of urban green production, the feasibility of technical implementation and the value of ecological services, appropriate ways of urban agriculture, urban solar energy, agriculture and solar energy compound production are adopted. it is expected to directly compensate the ecological carrying capacity of urban ecosystem and provide theoretical and technical support for the development of green production industry, diversification of compensation methods and evaluation of ecological land-saving benefits. It is of great significance for urban sustainable development and improving ecological carrying capacity.

關鍵詞：生態補償；綠色生產性面積；節地效益；都市農業；太陽能潛力
Keywords：Ecological compensation; Green productive area; Land-saving benefit; Urban agriculture; Solar energy potential