傳統村落理水智慧數字化解析
——以江西流坑村為例

摘  要：在傳統村落長期除水害、興水利的營建與發展過程中，通過適應天然水體和利用地域水系形成了一整套成熟的策略，有著樸素的理水智慧。該研究從村落水系格局梳理、空間特征計算、水環境量化三個方面，對流坑村的理水策略和效果做出定性和定量的分析，探索村落理水研究的技術借助和潛力。研究結果表明，流坑村具有源頭引水-中程排水-末端調蓄的層次清晰的水系格局；通過三維點云計算可知，其選址精確利用了微地形，采用雙水源理水策略；村中塘湖可容納83%的雨水，且植被面積約占村落總面積的34.7%，具有較高的地表滲透率，中程排水效果甚佳；通過水環境質量檢測可知，其塘湖水體環境質量良好，末端調蓄功能較強。該研究旨在填補以往對傳統村落理水非量化研究的缺環，挖掘傳統村落隱沒的信息和價值，加深人們對傳統村落水利統籌、布局和營建智慧的理解，協助傳統村落水利文化遺產保護與現代利用的雙贏。
關鍵詞：理水智慧；水系格局；三維點云計算；水環境量化；水利遺產

Digital Analysis of the Water Layout Wisdom in Traditional Rural Settlements:
A Case Study on Liukeng Village in Jiangxi Province

Abstract：During the long-term construction and development process of eliminating water disasters and promoting water conservancy in traditional settlements, a set of mature strategies which have simple wisdom in water layout have been formed by adapting to natural water environment and utilize regional water system. This study makes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water layout strategies and effects of Liukeng village from three aspects: sorting out the water systematic pattern, calculating the spatial characteristics and quantizing the water environment, to explore the technical assist and potential of water layout research in traditional rural settlements. The results indicate that Liukeng Village has an unambiguous water systematic pattern of source diversion, medium drainage and end purification of water. Through 3D point cloud computing, it is known that the site selection makes accurate use of micro-topography and adopts the strategy of dual water source. The lake in the village can hold 83% of precipitation, and the vegetation area accounts for 34.7% of the total area of the village, which has high surface permeability and well medium drainage effect. Water detection shows that the lake gets good water quality and purification. The purpose of this study is to fill the vacancy of previous non-quantitative research on water layout, excavate the hidden information and value, and deepen people's understanding of the wisdom of the overall planning, layout and construction of water conservancy. It can provide assistance to the win-win situation of cultural heritage protection and contemporary utilization of water conservancy in traditional settlements.
Keywords：Wisdom of water layout; Water systematic pattern; 3D point cloud computing; Quantification of water environment; Water conservancy heritage

作者信息：
黃斯，天津大學建筑學院，博士研究生，yellows_arch@tju.edu.cn
李哲，天津大學建筑學院，副教授

國家自然科學基金項目（51878439、51878437、51908179）
文化和旅游部重點實驗室課題（20180508）
教育部人文社科青年基金課題（17YJCZH095）
河北省社科基金課題（HB19YS036）